1. Relief panel from the Arch of Trajan
Marble, early 2nd century, Benevento, Italy
Lower Ground Floor, end of the main gallery at left

The relief was cast in-situ from the marble relief that still adorns the exterior of the arch dedicated to Trajan in the city of Beneventum (modern Benevento). The emperor (to the left of the panel) is portrayed in his guise as patron and benefactor of the Roman army, here supervising the recruitment of new soldiers. In the centre stands a youthful god of war, measuring the height of a new recruit. The relief is contemporary with the head of the Dacian prisoner, and emphasises the military image Trajan sought to promote.

2. Portrait Bust of Trajan
Marble, early 2nd century
Lower Ground floor, first bay at left

The portrait bust represents the emperor Trajan, an identification based on coins that bear the same portrait and name Trajan. There were several (at least four) different official models (or ‘types’) used for Trajan’s portraits. This bust follows a popular type that was perhaps issued to celebrate Trajan’s tenth year in power. The portrait type is noted for its turn of the head, elevated aspect, nudity, and military accoutrements,
all of which can be interpreted as presenting Trajan as a great commander.